Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg was born in Posen, Prussia the son of Prussian junker Hans Robert Ludwig von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (1816–1902) and his wife Luise Schwickart (1825–1893), the daughter of physician Karl Ludwig Schwickart and wife Julie Moennich. Paul von Hindenburg as a cadet in Wahlstatt (1860) 11.2 Analysis of political career and cultural impact.3.5.1 Opting for a decision in the west.3.4.2 The great withdrawal and defending the Western Front.3.4.1 Arms buildup and unrestricted submarine warfare.3.3.3 Supreme Commander of the Central Powers.3.2.2 Counterattacks in East Prussia and Poland.3.1.1 Assumption of command in East Prussia."Leader and Reich Chancellor of the German People") and transformed Germany into a totalitarian state. After Hindenburg died the following year, Hitler combined the Presidency with his office as Chancellor before proceeding to declare himself Führer und Reichskanzler des deutschen Volkes (i.e. Later in March, he signed the Enabling Act of 1933 which gave the Nazi regime emergency powers. In response to the Reichstag Fire allegedly committed by Marinus van der Lubbe, he approved the Reichstag Fire Decree in February 1933 which suspended various civil liberties. Upon twice dissolving the Reichstag in 1932, Hindenburg ultimately agreed to appoint Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933 when the Nazis won a plurality in the November elections. While he was personally opposed to Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party, he nonetheless played a major role in the political instability that resulted in their rise to power. In 1925, Hindenburg returned to public life to become the second elected President of the German Weimar Republic. Upon his country's capitulation to the Allies in the November 1918 armistice, Hindenburg stepped down as Germany's commander-in-chief before retiring once again from military service in 1919. However, by the end of 1918, all improvements in Germany's fortunes were reversed after the German Army was decisively defeated in the Second Battle of the Marne and the Allies' Hundred Days Offensive. Under their leadership, Germany secured Russia's defeat in the east and achieved advances on the Western Front deeper than any seen since the conflict's outbreak. Thereafter, he and his deputy, General Erich Ludendorff, exploited Emperor Wilhelm II's broad delegation of power to the German Army to establish a de facto military dictatorship that dominated national policy for the rest of the war. By 1916, Hindenburg's popularity had risen to the point that he replaced General Erich von Falkenhayn as Chief of the Great General Staff.
#HINDENBURG PRO ENCODING PROBLEM SERIES#
Subsequently, he oversaw a crushing series of victories against the Russians that made him a national hero and the center of a massive personality cult. In 1911, Hindenburg announced his retirement from the military.įollowing World War I's outbreak in July 1914, he was recalled to military service and quickly achieved fame on the Eastern Front as the victor of Tannenberg. Around the time of his promotion to General of the Infantry in 1905, Count Alfred von Schlieffen recommended that he succeed him as Chief of the Great General Staff but the post ultimately went to Helmuth von Moltke in January 1906. Following a five-year teaching stint at the Kriegsakademie, Hindenburg steadily rose through the army's ranks to become a lieutenant-general by 1900. Later in 1885, he was promoted to the rank of major and became a member of the Great General Staff. In 1873, he was admitted to the prestigious Kriegsakademie in Berlin where he studied for 3 years before being appointed to the Army's General Staff Corps. He then saw combat during the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian wars. Upon completing his education as a cadet, he enlisted in the Third Regiment of Foot Guards as a second lieutenant. Paul von Hindenburg was born on 2 October 1847 to a family of minor Prussian nobility in Posen. During his presidency, he played a key role in the Nazi seizure of power in January 1933 when, under pressure from advisers, he appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany. Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg ( pronounced ( listen) abbreviated pronounced ( listen) 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German general and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany from 1925 until his death in 1934.
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